READ MORE: How Ancient Sparta's Harsh Military System Trained Boys Into Fierce Warriors The Perioeci, whose name means “dwellers-around,” worked as craftsmen and traders, and built weapons for the Spartans. The population of Sparta consisted of three main groups: the Spartans, or Spartiates, who were full citizens the Helots, or serfs/slaves and the Perioeci, who were neither slaves nor citizens. Sparta, also known as Lacedaemon, was an ancient Greek city-state located primarily in the present-day region of southern Greece called Laconia. WATCH: Spartan Vengeance on HISTORY Vault Spartan Society
Despite their military prowess, the Spartans’ dominance was short-lived: In 371 B.C., they were defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra, and their empire went into a long period of decline. Because Spartan men were professional soldiers, all manual labor was done by a slave class, the Helots. Although Spartan women were not active in the military, they were educated and enjoyed more status and freedom than other Greek women. Known as the Agoge, the system emphasized duty, discipline and endurance. At age 7, Spartan boys entered a rigorous state-sponsored education, military training and socialization program.
Spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service. Sparta was a warrior society in ancient Greece that reached the height of its power after defeating rival city-state Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.).
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